E ai ki te National Fire Protection Association, neke atu i te 354,000 ngā ahi kāinga e pāngia ana i ia tau, e 2,600 te tokomaha e mate ana, e 11,000 te tokomaha e whara ana. Ko te nuinga o ngā matenga e pā ana ki te ahi ka puta i te pō i te wā e moe ana te tangata.
He mārama te mahi nui a ngā whakaoho auahi kounga teitei, kua whakanohoia pai. E rua ngā momo matua ongā whakaoho auahi –te ionization me te photoelectric. Mā te mōhio ki te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā mea e rua ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakatau pai mō ngā whakaoho paowa hei tiaki i tō kāinga, i tō pakihi rānei.
Te whaka-ionitiwhakaoho auahis ā, ka whakawhirinaki ngā whakaoho hiko ki ngā tikanga tino rerekē hei kite i ngā ahi:
Te whaka-ionitispaowaangā pepeke
Te whaka-ionitingā whakaoho auahi He hoahoa tino uaua. E rua ngā pereti hiko e whakakahangia ana, me tētahi rūma i hangaia ki tētahi rauemi irahiko e whakakoi ana i te hau e neke ana i waenga i ngā pereti.
Ka ine kaha ngā ara iahiko hiko i roto i te papa i te iahiko ionization e whakaputaina ana e tēnei hoahoa.
I te wā o te ahi, ka tomo ngā matūriki mura ki te rūma whakakōkī, ka tukinga, ka hanumi hoki ki ngā ngota hau whakakōkī, ka heke haere tonu te maha o ngā ngota hau whakakōkī.
Ka rongo ngā ara iahiko hiko i roto i te poari i tēnei huringa o roto i te rūma, ā, ina hipa te paepae kua whakaritea i mua, ka puta he whakaoho.
Ngā whakaoho auahi hiko-whakaahua
Ngā whakaoho auahi hiko-whakaahua i hangaia i runga i te āhua o te paoa o te ahi e whakarerekē ai i te kaha o te māramatanga i te rangi:
Marara mārama: Tino hiko-whakaahuangā pūoko paowa e mahi ana i runga i te mātāpono o te marara o te mārama. He hihi mārama LED tō rātou me te huānga whakaahua-ā-ringa. Ka anga te hihi mārama ki tētahi wāhi e kore e taea e te huānga whakaahua-ā-ringa te kite. Heoi, ina uru ngā matūriki paoa mai i te ahi ki te ara o te hihi mārama, ka pā te hihi ki ngā matūriki paoa, ka hurihia ki roto i te huānga whakaahua-ā-ringa, ka whakaoho i te whakaoho.
Ārai mārama: Ko ētahi atu momo whakaoho hikohiko kua hangaia kia rite ki te ārai mārama. Kei roto hoki i ēnei whakaoho he pūtake mārama me te huānga aro-ataata. Heoi, i tēnei wā, ka tukuna tika te hihi mārama ki te huānga. Ina āraia te hihi mārama e ngā matūriki paowa, ka rerekē te putanga o te taputapu aro-ataata nā te whakaiti i te mārama. Ka kitea tēnei whakaiti i te mārama e te ara iahiko o te whakaoho, ā, ka whakaoho i te whakaoho.
Ngā whakaoho whakakotahi: Hei tāpiri, he maha ngā momo whakaoho whakakotahi. He maha ngā whakaoho whakakotahingā whakaoho auahi whakauru i te hangarau ionization me te hangarau photoelectric me te tumanako ka whakapiki ake i tōna whai huatanga.
Ka tāpirihia e ētahi atu huinga ētahi atu pūoko, pērā i te pūwero whero, te hauota waro, me ngā pūoko wera, hei āwhina i te kimi tika i ngā ahi tūturu me te whakaiti i ngā whakaoho teka nā ngā mea pērā i te paoa tōhi, te mamaoa kaukau, me ērā atu mea.
Ngā Rerekētanga Matua i waenga i te Ionization me teNgā Pūoho Auahi Whakaahua-Hiko
He maha ngā rangahau kua whakahaerehia e Underwriters Laboratories (UL), te National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), me ētahi atu hei whakatau i ngā rerekētanga matua o te mahi i waenga i ēnei momo matua e rua.ngā pūoko paowa.
Ko ngā hua o ēnei rangahau me ngā whakamātautau e whakaatu ana i ngā mea e whai ake nei:
Ngā whakaoho auahi hiko-whakaahua He tere ake te urupare ki ngā ahi e mura ana i ngā whakaoho ionization (15 ki te 50 meneti te tere ake). He puhoi ake te neke o ngā ahi e mura ana engari ko te mea tino nui te paoa e puta ana, ā, koinei te mea tino whakamate i roto i ngā ahi kāinga.
Ko ngā whakaoho paowa ionization he tere ake te urupare (30-90 hēkona) ki ngā ahi mura tere (ngā ahi e horapa tere ana ngā mura) i ngā whakaoho photoelectric. E whakaae ana te NFPA he pai te hoahoangā whakaoho hiko-whakaata i te nuinga o te wā ka pai ake te mahi a ngā whakaoho ionization i roto i ngā āhuatanga ahi katoa, ahakoa te momo me te rauemi.
Kāore i taea e ngā whakaoho ionization te whakarato i te wā whakawātea e tika ana i ngā wā maha atu ingā whakaoho hiko-whakaata i te wā e mura ana ngā ahi.
I puta te 97% o ngā "whakaoho whakararuraru" nā ngā whakaoho ionization.—ngā whakaoho teka—ā, nō reira, he nui ake te tūponotanga kia monoa katoatia atu i ētahi atu momo whakaoho auahi. E mōhio ana te NFPAngā whakaoho auahi hiko-whakaahua he painga nui tō ēnei i ngā whakaoho ionization i roto i te aro ki te whakaoho rūpahu.
Ko tēhea whakaoho auahi te mea pai rawa atu?
Ko te nuinga o ngā matenga mai i ngā ahi ehara i te mea nā te mura engari nā te manawa paowa, koia te take he maha ngā matenga e pā ana ki te ahi—tata ki te rua hautoru—ka puta i te wā e moe ana te tangata.
Nā te mea koinā te āhua, he mārama he mea tino nui te whai i tētahi whakaoho auahi e taea ai te kite wawe me te tika i ngā ahi e mura ana, e whakaputa ana i te nuinga o te paoa. I roto i tēnei kāwai,ngā whakaoho auahi hiko-whakaahua he mārama te pai ake o tana mahi i ngā whakaoho ionization.
Hei tāpiri, ko te rerekētanga i waenga i te ionization me tengā whakaoho hiko-whakaata i roto i ngā ahi mura tere i kitea he iti noa iho, ā, i whakatau te NFPA he kounga teiteingā whakaoho hiko-whakaata tērā pea ka pai ake te mahi a ngā whakaoho ionization.
Hei whakamutunga, nā te mea ka taea e ngā whakaoho whakararuraru te whakararu i te tangatangā pūoko paowa, e kore ai e whai hua,ngā whakaoho hiko-whakaata he painga anō hoki tēnei i tēnei wāhanga, he iti ake te ngāwari ki ngā whakaoho teka, ā, nō reira he iti ake te tūponotanga ka hauā.
He mārama,ngā whakaoho auahi hiko-whakaahua koinei te kōwhiringa tino tika, tino pono, ā, nō reira te mea tino haumaru, he whakatau e tautokona ana e te NFPA, he ia hoki ka kitea i waenga i ngā kaihanga me ngā whakahaere haumaru ahi.
Mō ngā whakaoho whakakotahi, kāore i kitea he painga mārama, he painga nui rānei. I whakatau te NFPA kāore ngā hua whakamātautau i whakamana i te whakaritenga kia tāutahia he hangarau takirua,ngā whakaoho paowa photoionization, ahakoa kāore e kino ana tetahi o ēnei.
Heoi, i whakatau te Rōpū Tiaki Ahi ā-Motungā whakaoho hiko-whakaata Mā te whakamahi i ngā pūoko tāpiri, pērā i ngā pūoko CO, ngā pūoko wera rānei, ka pai ake te kite ahi, ā, ka whakaiti ake i ngā whakaoho teka.
Wā tuku: Akuhata-02-2024